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The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), also known as Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI), is a worldwide programme of the World Health Organization and UNICEF, launched in 1991〔UNICEF. (The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. ) Accessed 4 August 2011.〕〔World Health Organization. (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative. ) Accessed 4 August 2011.〕 following the adoption of the ''Innocenti Declaration'' on breastfeeding promotion in 1990.〔UNICEF. (INNOCENTI DECLARATION on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding. ) Adopted at the WHO/UNICEF meeting on "Breastfeeding in the 1990s: A Global Initiative", held at the Spedale degli Innocenti, Florence, Italy, 30 July-1 August 1990.〕 The initiative is a global effort for improving the role of maternity services to enable mothers to breastfeed babies for the best start in life. It aims at improving the care of pregnant women, mothers and newborns at health facilities that provide maternity services for protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding, in accordance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. UNICEF, the World Health Organization, and many national government health agencies recommend that babies are breastfed exclusively for their first six months of life. Studies have shown that breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from serious illnesses, including gastroenteritis, asthma, eczema, and respiratory and ear infections. Adults who were breastfed as babies may be less likely to develop risk factors for heart disease such as obesity and high blood pressure. There are benefits for mothers too: women who don't breastfeed have increased risk of developing heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and hip fractures in later life. The BFHI aims to increase the numbers of babies who are exclusively breastfed worldwide, a goal which the WHO estimates could contribute to avoiding over a million child deaths each year, and potentially many premature maternal deaths as well.〔World Health Organization. (10 facts on breastfeeding ), accessed 20 April 2011.〕 ==Criteria== The criteria for a hospital's Baby Friendly accreditation include: #Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all health care staff. #Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy. #Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding. #Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth. #Show mothers how to breastfeed and maintain lactation, even if they should be separated from their infants. #Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breastmilk, not even sips of water, unless medically indicated. #Practice rooming in - that is, allow mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours a day. #Encourage breastfeeding on demand. #Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (also called dummies or soothers) to breastfeeding infants. #Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic. The program also restricts use by the hospital of free formula or other infant care aids provided by formula companies and recommends that when formula is medically needed, it should be given in a small cup or spoon, rather than a bottle and should only be used to supplement breastfeeding. Since the program's inception, approximately 15,000 facilities in more than 152 countries have been inspected and accredited as "Baby-Friendly."〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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